Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais
(1732 - 1799)
writer, playwright, publisher, publicist and author of French comic and was one of the emblematic figures of the Enlightenment.
Biography
Born in Paris in 1732, died in 1799, Pierre Augustin Caron is the son of a watchmaker of St Denis. After brief studies, it is put to the bench at the age of thirteen years, which does not preclude a family atmosphere shared between literature and music. He plays even in the flute family concerts that give her five sisters.
It develops, to adjust the spring of pocket watches, a completely new process that Lepaute, watchmaker to Louis XV, steals. He gets carried away, writes petition [1] petition, and wins the case in 1754. This combativeness
the notes of Louis XV, who invited her up, appreciate the Pompadour, orders tributary. A mistress in court although he gets the coveted office of "Comptroller of the mouth."
He married the lady, and knighted, Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais became the lord. Unfortunately, she dies before signing the marriage contract: the widower sees a fortune to escape.
He became professor of harp and guitar of Louis XV's daughters and gets the office of secretary of the king. He took the opportunity to make transactions more than doubtful. In 1764, Beaumarchais traveled to Spain to make the slave trade.
In 1768, he married a wealthy bourgeois, whom he had a son. 1770 is the year he wrote two friends, the first serious drama that combines commercial and paternity confusion illegal.
In 1775 the first of Barber of Seville or the Useless Precaution is a complete failure. It only takes three days to Beaumarchais that cut and rewrite the room of the original five acts there are actually four: the triumph. In 1777 he founded the Society of Dramatic Authors and Composers, which is responsible for protecting the rights of playwrights. It will publish the works of Voltaire to be printed from 1783 to 1790 in Kiel (Germany) to avoid French censorship.
He reached the peak of his career with The Marriage of Figaro in 1784. The first version of this five-act comedy was written in 1778 and accepted the French Comedy in 1781. After 3 years of censorship, the first performance takes place April 27, 1784 is a huge success. Dissatisfied, Louis XVI imprisoned in St. Lazare Beaumarchais, but must release the pressure of public opinion.
After this huge success, is still playing Tarare Beaumarchais (1787), Mother guilty (1792) which completes the trilogy begun with The Barber of Seville and The Marriage of Figaro. This last piece, continually represented since its inception, also inspired Mozart's comic opera in four acts The Marriage of Figaro (1786). The Barber of Seville, meanwhile, originally an opera in two acts by Gioacchino Rossini (The Barber of Seville 1816).
Between Third Estate and nobility
he began a rapid upward mobility by marrying the widow of a member of the royal household and winning the favor of the daughters of Louis XV, where he is Professor of Harp . In 1761, he bought a load which ennobles and enables him to take the name of Beaumarchais. From modest extraction, Beaumarchais know all his life this ambiguity, between rights and aspirations of the people to the aristocracy. Associated with financial-Pâris Deverney, he went to Madrid in 1764 under the guise of fiction defend the honor of his sister, more likely to negotiate important cases.
Intrigues in real life
Beaumarchais was indeed involved in the best interests too complex secrets and private matters little clear (a legacy issue, a trial that he was imprisoned) . Besides his office of secretary of the king, he acts as a secret agent for Louis XV and Louis XVI later (particularly in supplying weapons to the Americans from 1775). In 1791, he tried to buy guns to revolutionary France, but the case fails. It is also seen as soon suspect because of his luxury home in Paris, then as an emigrant, because of his extensive travels. Therefore, he must go into exile and lived in poverty in Hamburg until 1796, when he returned to Paris.
Early attempts drama
His varied activities, which earned him a reputation as an adventurer sulfur, are also an opportunity for the production of texts in which to defend his positions, he occasionally uses his consummate art of the theater (cons Goezman Memoirs, 1773-1774, where he questions the travesty of justice which it faces in one case). He leads a parallel career as a playwright that earned him a resounding success. After the parades, short plays bawdy fashion, the popular speech, made from 1757 to 1763 (Colin and Colette, Jean-Beast at the fair, etc.). He wrote in 1767 a moralistic melodrama, Eugenie or Virtue of despair, whose preface, Essay on the dramatic seriousness, develops theories which owe much to Diderot and Sedaine, they are still models for its bourgeois drama, the two friends or merchant of Lyons, who, mounted in 1770, experiencing failure.
Bibliography
Letter on clocks
Parades: Colin and Colette, the boots of seven leagues, members of the hall, Leander dealer agnus, Jean Beast at the fair Eugenie
Essay on the dramatic genre The two friends seriously
or dealer Lyon
Memoirs cons Goezman
The Barber of Seville The cons
Memory Memory Blache
especially for the King's ministers and manifesto for the state
ingenue Response to the consultation outrageous than the count of Blache has poured in Aix
The Vow of all nations and the interest of all powers in abasement and humiliation of Great Britain
Observations on the supporting statement from the court of London
Reflections on relief to give America
Marriage of Figaro Gallery
women of the past century
Tarare
reply with libel signed William Kornmann
Response to pamphleteers and pamphleteers all past, present and future
Short memory until another
Third Memory cons Kornman
Request the gentlemen representatives of the Paris Commune
The Coronation Tarare
basic ideas on the point of Parliaments
The mother guilty, either Tartuffe
Petition to the National Assembly against the usurpation of the properties of authors, directors
Report shows that the playwrights on the treatment proposed by the French Comedie
Story of nine months the most painful of my life
(Azadunifr)
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